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New ‘ReefShape’ Photogrammetry System Puts Bahamian Coral Reefs on the Map — Literally

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PIMS research scientist Will Greene glides over a reef in Andros, The Bahamas, capturing a stream of overlapping images that ReefShape will automatically stitch into a millimetre-accurate 3-D map.

Open-source workflow from Perry Institute for Marine Science researchers enables automated data processing, arming reef managers worldwide with rapid, easy-to-use solutions for large area imaging.

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Written by Lily Haines | PIMS | WhatsApp +1 (613) 791-6045 | lhaines@perryinstitute.org

 

 

June 17, 2025—NASSAU | Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the ocean floor yet anchor a quarter of all marine life. Protecting them has been the Perry Institute for Marine Science’s (PIMS) mission for more than 50 years—work that spans cutting-edge coral restoration, fisheries research and the Caribbean-wide Reef Rescue Network of coral nurseries.

Now PIMS scientists, working with Arizona State University, have unveiled ReefShape, an automated photogrammetry pipeline that converts thousands of underwater photographs into millimeter-accurate, 3-D and 2-D reef maps in hours instead of days. Their method, published this week in the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE), gives managers from Abaco to Zanzibar a practical and streamlined way to track bleaching, storm damage and restoration success at the millimeter scale.

“We needed a method that’s easy to teach, automatic, and lets us focus on actually saving coral reefs rather than just making maps of them,” said lead author Will Greene, photogrammetry specialist and research scientist at PIMS.

The reef-mapping bottleneck

Photogrammetry—the digital alchemy that converts overlapping photos into lifelike 3D models—has transformed archaeology, forestry and even Hollywood. Yet under water it has remained a specialist’s sport: equipment can top US $20,000, and the software pipeline still relies on hours of manual clicks. In the meantime reefs around the world bleach, crumble or succumb to disease weeks before new data reach managers’ desks.

Headquartered in the United States, PIMS is a non-profit research organisation dedicated to ocean conservation and community engagement around the world. Through its flagship Reef Rescue Network—the region’s largest coalition of coral nurseries—PIMS has already planted tens of thousands of elkhorn, staghorn and fused staghorn corals throughout the Caribbean, restored critical reef habitat, and trained hundreds of local divers, students and tourism operators in reef-monitoring techniques. PIMS also leads research on sustainable fisheries, mangrove and seagrass restoration, and partners with governments to translate science into policy that safeguards coastal livelihoods.

Three simple upgrades

Turning big-picture conservation goals into on-the-ground action—and doing it fast enough to matter—meant re-engineering reef mapping for the realities of a dive boat. Instead of inventing another costly gadget, Greene’s team asked what the absolute essentials were and how to make each one fool-proof. The answer distilled into three simple upgrades that, together, turn a labour-intensive workflow into a backpack-friendly kit:

  1. Permanent corner markers. Four dinner-plate-sized markers drilled into the reef plot corners act as digital anchor points. Software recognises them automatically, snapping every future survey into perfect alignment.
  2. Phone-based GPS logging. A free Survey123 form guides divers to collect surface positions and depth readings of the markers, then formats the data for the processing script—no spreadsheets, transcribing coordinates, or typos.

A fully scripted pipeline. Custom Python code drives Agisoft Metashape processing through a graphic interface, whizzing through image alignment, mesh generation, orthomosaic building, data export and even structural-complexity metrics with no keyboard input beyond run.

From dive to desktop in 1 hour 58 minutes

Using the fully automated ReefShape script, a 200 square meter, 1,300-image reef plot can be processed in under 2 hours on a modern laptop—roughly 400 percent faster than the same dataset handled with earlier, semi-manual workflows. Even on 2018-era hardware, the scripted pipeline still shaved hours off turnaround because most of the speed-up comes from automation and careful workflow optimization, not brute processor power.

Stress-tested during a record heatwave                                                                                                                                                        ReefShape’s coming-of-age moment arrived during the record marine heatwave that washed over The Bahamas in August 2023. Having surveyed Simms Point Reef seven months earlier, the team returned with a camera and retraced their path above the permanent markers. Hours later, side-by-side mosaics revealed that over 90 percent of corals in several species had bleached completely, while a handful of colonies clung to colour.

That immediate feedback lets us prioritise restoration sites and share data with partners before the next storm hits,” says Dr. Craig Dahlgren, PIMS executive director and co-author on the new paper. “It’s like switching from film to livestream.

Democratizing a critical tool

Everything needed to utilize the workflow—recommended camera system, field equipment, a suitable computer and software—comes in around US $5,000 ($8,000 without educational software discounts). The scripts and step-by-step manual live for free on GitHub, and the authors encourage anyone mapping coral, seagrass, mangroves or shipwrecks to fork and improve the code.

The design is deliberately tolerant: while the protocol gives specific instructions for researchers wanting a cookbook-style approach, it works for plots from 25 m² to > 1,000 m², depths down to 30 m, any camera system and swim pattern with sufficient overlap, and on any recent computer. The ReefShape software includes adjustable controls to suit different data collection strategies and researcher needs while remaining streamlined and easy to use, automatically exporting data pre-formatted for analysis in free software packages like QGIS or TagLab.

Why it matters

Coral reefs occupy less than one per cent of the ocean floor yet shelter a quarter of marine speciesand buffer tropical coastlines from storms.

With mass-bleaching events now recurring every few years, conservationists need diagnostics that are fast, cheap and repeatable—tools that turn snapshots into time-lapse. ReefShape, its creators argue, is a step toward that future.                                                                                                                  “Our goal wasn’t another complex method,” says Greene, now completing a PhD at Arizona State University on GIS-driven 3-D reef mapping. “It was to hand every reef manager a simple, comprehensive monitoring tool, then get out of the way so they can use it.

ReefShape was developed by Will Greene, Sam Marshall, Dr. Jiwei Li and Dr. Craig Dahlgren, with funding from the Disney Conservation Fund and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Fieldwork was conducted under permits from the Bahamas Department of Environmental Planning & Protection. Full documentation and code: https://github.com/Perry-Institute/ReefShape.

PHOTO CAPTION:

1st insert: Time-series aligned imagery of Simm’s Point Reef in New Providence before (left) and during (right) the 2023 mass bleaching event. The data were processed automatically in ReefShape, allowing researchers to rapidly analyze the extent and severity of the bleaching event (bottom panel), uncovering different patterns among the various coral species present.

3rd insert: The ReefShape field kit—ready for a single-tank survey. (A) Mirrorless camera with wide-angle rectilinear lens; (B) matching underwater housing and dome port; (C) Bluetooth-enabled “kickboard” GPS for surface positioning; (D) reusable coded corner markers that lock each plot to precise coordinates; and (E) coded scale bars that set the model’s exact dimensions.

Video caption:

Fly-through of a ReefShape 3D model of a coral reef: a centimetre-scale, colour-true reconstruction that lets scientists measure coral growth, bleaching and erosion without getting wet.

Bahamas News

PAY STANDOFF: Prime Minister Cancels Talks as Unions Warn of More Protests

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By Deandrea Hamilton | Magnetic Media

Monday, October 13, 2025 — Nassau, The Bahamas – What began as a calm holiday meeting has spiraled into a full-blown standoff between The Bahamas Government and two of the country’s most powerful public sector unions — the Bahamas Union of Teachers (BUT) and the Bahamas Public Services Union (BPSU) — after the Prime Minister abruptly cancelled follow-up talks set for Tuesday, blaming public comments made by union leaders.

The announcement of the cancelled meeting came late Monday, just hours after a tense sit-down at the Office of the Prime Minister, held on National Heroes Day, where both BUT President Belinda Wilson and BPSU President Kimsley Ferguson accused the government of dragging its feet on salary increases and retroactive pay owed to thousands of public officers.

Wilson, never one to mince words, said the Prime Minister’s “technical officers” — the very people responsible for executing his instructions — were failing to carry out his directives regarding payment timelines.

“The Prime Minister’s issue,” Wilson said, “is that he has persons working for him who are not following his instructions. If those officers would follow through on what he told them to do, we wouldn’t be here today.”

Wilson added that the BUT and other unions are demanding retroactive pay dating back to September 2024, and that all increases be applied and paid by the October payday, not December as previously stated by the Prime Minister.

“Senior civil servants already received their retroactive pay — thousands of dollars — backdated to September of last year,” Wilson charged. “We’re saying the small man deserves the same. This isn’t a gift. It’s money already earned.”

Her comments came after the government publicly insisted that the salary adjustments would be implemented by December 2025, just ahead of Christmas — a timeline unions flatly reject as too slow.

Ferguson: ‘No More Excuses’

Following Wilson, BPSU President Kimsley Ferguson delivered a fiery statement of his own, telling reporters the unions would no longer tolerate delays or mixed messages from the Davis administration.

“The Prime Minister was receptive — but we’re not accepting excuses,” Ferguson said. “If the Prime Minister’s having a memory lapse, we have the Hansard from Parliament to remind him exactly what he promised public officers.”

Ferguson went further, warning that if Tuesday’s meeting failed to produce results, unions would “visit the House of Assembly” and intensify their campaign for immediate payment.

“Public servants, ready yourselves,” he declared. “We are prepared to stand together — all across The Bahamas — until our needs are met.”

Now, with the Prime Minister cancelling tomorrow’s talks altogether, that threat appears closer to becoming reality.

Government Bungles Response

Observers say the administration’s handling of the matter has been confused and contradictory, with conflicting statements on payment timelines and poor communication fueling frustration among teachers, nurses, and general public officers.

The government has maintained that the funds are allocated and will be disbursed before year’s end, but unionists insist they’ve heard it all before — and this time they want results, not promises.

The Prime Minister’s decision to cancel the meeting, rather than clarify or de-escalate tensions, has drawn sharp criticism across social media and among rank-and-file civil servants who see the move as punitive and dismissive.

Slowdown and the Threat of Another Mass Protest

Across several ministries, departments, and schools, reports are already surfacing of a go-slow in the public service, as workers express solidarity with the unions’ demands.

Many believe another mass demonstration is imminent, similar to the one staged last week Tuesday when thousands of workers gathered outside the House of Assembly on Bay Street as Parliament reopened after summer recess.

That protest brought parts of downtown Nassau to a standstill as union members sang, marched, and even sat in the street — a powerful show of defiance that now threatens to repeat itself unless the government moves quickly to resolve the impasse.

A Political Flashpoint

What began as a straightforward salary dispute has now evolved into a test of credibility and competence for the Davis administration. With a restless public sector, rising inflation, and unions unified across professions, the government risks not only another protest — but a full-blown industrial crisis heading into the year’s end.

For now, the unions are standing firm: they want retroactive pay from September 2024 and full salary adjustments by this October. Anything less, they warn, could push the country’s workforce from a slowdown into open confrontation.

Angle by Deandrea Hamilton. Built with ChatGPT (AI). Magnetic Media — CAPTURING LIFE.

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Bahamas News

Nassau Cruise Port Marks Sixth Anniversary with Exciting New Additions for Visitors and The community

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[Nassau, Bahamas, October 8, 2025] Nassau Cruise Port (NCP) proudly celebrates its sixth corporate anniversary by unveiling a series of transformative additions that further enhance the guest and community experience. The anniversary comes at a pivotal moment in the growth of the port, with the opening of a new swimming pool, an expanded marina, and a state-of-the-art ferry terminal that will support transfers to the Royal Beach Club, which is currently under construction on Paradise Island.

Since its $300 million redevelopment, Nassau Cruise Port – the largest transit cruise port in the world – has welcomed millions of visitors and become one of the most vibrant cruise destinations in the world. This anniversary not only reflects its commitment to delivering world-class facilities, but also its dedication to creating meaningful connections between visitors and the Bahamian community.

“This milestone represents much more than the passage of time,” said Mike Maura, Jr., CEO and Director of Nassau Cruise Port. “It reflects our promise to continually elevate the guest experience, contribute to the local economy, and provide opportunities for Bahamians. During our first year (2019) of operating the Nassau Cruise Port, Nassau welcomed approximately. 3.85 million cruise guests, and 2025 will see well over 6 million cruise visitors visit Nassau. Our focus on driving cruise tourism and the $350 million investment in our downtown waterfront is a testament to our vision of making Nassau a premier cruise and leisure destination.”

The new pool offers a refreshing retreat for visitors enjoying Nassau’s waterfront, while the expanded marina will accommodate additional yachts, boosting tourism and local commerce. The ferry terminal expansion enhances passenger flow and supports convenient, seamless transfers to the Royal Beach Club, strengthening Nassau’s position as a hub for Caribbean cruising and leisure.

As part of its anniversary celebrations, NCP will host a series of internal and external activities to celebrate its team and to highlight its ongoing investments in the Bahamian economy, including job creation, local vendor opportunities, and cultural showcases at the port.

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Bahamas News

Next U.S. Ambassador?  Walker Pledges Business-Driven Approach as U.S. Looks to Counter China in The Bahamas

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Deandrea Hamilton | Editor

 

The Bahamas, September 16, 2025 – For the first time since 2011, the United States is on the cusp of sending an ambassador to The Bahamas — and the nominee, former football star turned entrepreneur Herschel Walker, is promising to bring his business instincts to the diplomatic table.

Speaking before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee last week, Walker underscored that his background in food-service companies and small business leadership has prepared him to think practically about investment. “I know how to run a business, how to create jobs, how to make payroll. Those lessons translate into building relationships and building trust,” Walker said.

Walker, who was nominated by President Trump in December 2024, faced the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on September 11. As of now, he has not yet been confirmed; his nomination remains under review, pending a committee vote before it can move to the full Senate. If approved, he would become the first U.S. ambassador to The Bahamas since 2011.

For years, U.S. officials have stressed security and counternarcotics cooperation with The Bahamas, including through “Operation Bahamas, Turks and Caicos.” But in areas like infrastructure, medical care, and long-term investment, Washington has often been absent.

Hospitals and clinics remain under-resourced, and hurricane recovery has been slow in many islands. Chinese state-backed firms, by contrast, have shown up with financing packages and construction deals — a presence that has raised alarms on Capitol Hill.

“Only 50 miles off our shore, The Bahamas is too important for us to ignore,” warned Senate Foreign Relations Committee leaders during Walker’s hearing. They called China’s inroads “strategic, not charitable,” suggesting Beijing’s long game is about ports, proximity, and political leverage.

Walker positioned himself as a nontraditional but pragmatic envoy. He argued that his business career, rooted in private sector success, equips him to champion American investment in The Bahamas.

He pledged to:

  • Promote U.S. companies interested in medical and infrastructure projects.
  • Support an environment that encourages American investors to see The Bahamas as more than just a beach destination.
  • Highlight opportunities for partnerships that improve public services, healthcare, and resilience against hurricanes.

“I’ve built businesses. I know what it takes to attract investors and create opportunity. That is exactly what I intend to bring to our relationship with The Bahamas,” Walker said.

The Bahamas is not just a tourist paradise. It’s a frontline state in migration, drug interdiction, and hurricane response. More than six million U.S. visitors travel there annually, making stability and safety a U.S. domestic concern as much as a foreign policy one.

And yet, with the ambassador post vacant for 14 years, the U.S. has often looked detached — opening space for China’s ambitious Belt and Road agenda. The fear is that infrastructure deals signed today could give Beijing leverage in the region tomorrow.                                                                                                                                                                                                                Walker’s confirmation would symbolize a course correction, signaling Washington’s intent to re-engage not only in security but in the economic future of The Bahamas.                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Not everyone is convinced Herschel Walker is the right man for the job. His nomination revived controversies from his 2022 Senate run, including past allegations, public gaffes, and doubts about whether he has the diplomatic polish the post demands. Some senators and analysts questioned whether celebrity and business experience were enough for a role requiring nuance in foreign policy and geopolitics.

Critics argued that The Bahamas, sitting just 50 miles from Florida and facing intense Chinese interest, deserves a seasoned diplomat rather than a political ally.

Walker confronted those doubts head-on. “People have underestimated me all my life — in academics, athletics, and business,” he told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. “And I have always proven them wrong, through discipline, determination, and by outworking everyone.”

He admitted he had never served as an ambassador but countered that his career prepared him in other ways: building businesses, managing payrolls, and connecting with people from all walks of life. He framed his business background as a strength, promising to use it to encourage U.S. investment in healthcare, infrastructure, and hurricane resilience projects in The Bahamas.

Rather than sparring with critics, Walker leaned on confidence and persistence: “I know how to build trust and find common ground. That’s what this relationship needs.”

If confirmed, Walker would have to balance his role as diplomat with expectations of being a commercial cheerleader for U.S. firms. His emphasis on entrepreneurship suggests a willingness to push U.S. businesses toward opportunities in healthcare, ports, and post-storm reconstruction — areas where Bahamians say they need the most support.

For Bahamian officials, the question will be whether Washington is prepared to back words with financing. U.S. private sector dollars, paired with aid and development partnerships, could help shift the tide against Chinese influence.

For Walker, the test will be whether his business acumen can translate into diplomatic wins — giving Bahamians alternatives to Beijing, while deepening the U.S. role in the Caribbean.

Analysis: If Walker delivers, this appointment could mark a turning point: a U.S. strategy that recognizes that in the Caribbean, investment is diplomacy.

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