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New ‘ReefShape’ Photogrammetry System Puts Bahamian Coral Reefs on the Map — Literally

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PIMS research scientist Will Greene glides over a reef in Andros, The Bahamas, capturing a stream of overlapping images that ReefShape will automatically stitch into a millimetre-accurate 3-D map.

Open-source workflow from Perry Institute for Marine Science researchers enables automated data processing, arming reef managers worldwide with rapid, easy-to-use solutions for large area imaging.

Media Contact:

Written by Lily Haines | PIMS | WhatsApp +1 (613) 791-6045 | lhaines@perryinstitute.org

 

 

June 17, 2025—NASSAU | Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the ocean floor yet anchor a quarter of all marine life. Protecting them has been the Perry Institute for Marine Science’s (PIMS) mission for more than 50 years—work that spans cutting-edge coral restoration, fisheries research and the Caribbean-wide Reef Rescue Network of coral nurseries.

Now PIMS scientists, working with Arizona State University, have unveiled ReefShape, an automated photogrammetry pipeline that converts thousands of underwater photographs into millimeter-accurate, 3-D and 2-D reef maps in hours instead of days. Their method, published this week in the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE), gives managers from Abaco to Zanzibar a practical and streamlined way to track bleaching, storm damage and restoration success at the millimeter scale.

“We needed a method that’s easy to teach, automatic, and lets us focus on actually saving coral reefs rather than just making maps of them,” said lead author Will Greene, photogrammetry specialist and research scientist at PIMS.

The reef-mapping bottleneck

Photogrammetry—the digital alchemy that converts overlapping photos into lifelike 3D models—has transformed archaeology, forestry and even Hollywood. Yet under water it has remained a specialist’s sport: equipment can top US $20,000, and the software pipeline still relies on hours of manual clicks. In the meantime reefs around the world bleach, crumble or succumb to disease weeks before new data reach managers’ desks.

Headquartered in the United States, PIMS is a non-profit research organisation dedicated to ocean conservation and community engagement around the world. Through its flagship Reef Rescue Network—the region’s largest coalition of coral nurseries—PIMS has already planted tens of thousands of elkhorn, staghorn and fused staghorn corals throughout the Caribbean, restored critical reef habitat, and trained hundreds of local divers, students and tourism operators in reef-monitoring techniques. PIMS also leads research on sustainable fisheries, mangrove and seagrass restoration, and partners with governments to translate science into policy that safeguards coastal livelihoods.

Three simple upgrades

Turning big-picture conservation goals into on-the-ground action—and doing it fast enough to matter—meant re-engineering reef mapping for the realities of a dive boat. Instead of inventing another costly gadget, Greene’s team asked what the absolute essentials were and how to make each one fool-proof. The answer distilled into three simple upgrades that, together, turn a labour-intensive workflow into a backpack-friendly kit:

  1. Permanent corner markers. Four dinner-plate-sized markers drilled into the reef plot corners act as digital anchor points. Software recognises them automatically, snapping every future survey into perfect alignment.
  2. Phone-based GPS logging. A free Survey123 form guides divers to collect surface positions and depth readings of the markers, then formats the data for the processing script—no spreadsheets, transcribing coordinates, or typos.

A fully scripted pipeline. Custom Python code drives Agisoft Metashape processing through a graphic interface, whizzing through image alignment, mesh generation, orthomosaic building, data export and even structural-complexity metrics with no keyboard input beyond run.

From dive to desktop in 1 hour 58 minutes

Using the fully automated ReefShape script, a 200 square meter, 1,300-image reef plot can be processed in under 2 hours on a modern laptop—roughly 400 percent faster than the same dataset handled with earlier, semi-manual workflows. Even on 2018-era hardware, the scripted pipeline still shaved hours off turnaround because most of the speed-up comes from automation and careful workflow optimization, not brute processor power.

Stress-tested during a record heatwave                                                                                                                                                        ReefShape’s coming-of-age moment arrived during the record marine heatwave that washed over The Bahamas in August 2023. Having surveyed Simms Point Reef seven months earlier, the team returned with a camera and retraced their path above the permanent markers. Hours later, side-by-side mosaics revealed that over 90 percent of corals in several species had bleached completely, while a handful of colonies clung to colour.

That immediate feedback lets us prioritise restoration sites and share data with partners before the next storm hits,” says Dr. Craig Dahlgren, PIMS executive director and co-author on the new paper. “It’s like switching from film to livestream.

Democratizing a critical tool

Everything needed to utilize the workflow—recommended camera system, field equipment, a suitable computer and software—comes in around US $5,000 ($8,000 without educational software discounts). The scripts and step-by-step manual live for free on GitHub, and the authors encourage anyone mapping coral, seagrass, mangroves or shipwrecks to fork and improve the code.

The design is deliberately tolerant: while the protocol gives specific instructions for researchers wanting a cookbook-style approach, it works for plots from 25 m² to > 1,000 m², depths down to 30 m, any camera system and swim pattern with sufficient overlap, and on any recent computer. The ReefShape software includes adjustable controls to suit different data collection strategies and researcher needs while remaining streamlined and easy to use, automatically exporting data pre-formatted for analysis in free software packages like QGIS or TagLab.

Why it matters

Coral reefs occupy less than one per cent of the ocean floor yet shelter a quarter of marine speciesand buffer tropical coastlines from storms.

With mass-bleaching events now recurring every few years, conservationists need diagnostics that are fast, cheap and repeatable—tools that turn snapshots into time-lapse. ReefShape, its creators argue, is a step toward that future.                                                                                                                  “Our goal wasn’t another complex method,” says Greene, now completing a PhD at Arizona State University on GIS-driven 3-D reef mapping. “It was to hand every reef manager a simple, comprehensive monitoring tool, then get out of the way so they can use it.

ReefShape was developed by Will Greene, Sam Marshall, Dr. Jiwei Li and Dr. Craig Dahlgren, with funding from the Disney Conservation Fund and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Fieldwork was conducted under permits from the Bahamas Department of Environmental Planning & Protection. Full documentation and code: https://github.com/Perry-Institute/ReefShape.

PHOTO CAPTION:

1st insert: Time-series aligned imagery of Simm’s Point Reef in New Providence before (left) and during (right) the 2023 mass bleaching event. The data were processed automatically in ReefShape, allowing researchers to rapidly analyze the extent and severity of the bleaching event (bottom panel), uncovering different patterns among the various coral species present.

3rd insert: The ReefShape field kit—ready for a single-tank survey. (A) Mirrorless camera with wide-angle rectilinear lens; (B) matching underwater housing and dome port; (C) Bluetooth-enabled “kickboard” GPS for surface positioning; (D) reusable coded corner markers that lock each plot to precise coordinates; and (E) coded scale bars that set the model’s exact dimensions.

Video caption:

Fly-through of a ReefShape 3D model of a coral reef: a centimetre-scale, colour-true reconstruction that lets scientists measure coral growth, bleaching and erosion without getting wet.

Bahamas News

OVER 209,000 BAHAMIANS TO DECIDE NEXT GOVERNMENT IN TUESDAY’S GENERAL ELECTION

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Polls open nationwide as rallies, controversy and endorsements close heated campaign season

 

The Bahamas, May 11, 2026 – Temperatures across The Bahamas on Tuesday, May 12 are forecast to reach a high of 87 degrees Fahrenheit, with “feels like” temperatures expected to climb even higher — but the heat is not expected to disrupt the flow of voters to polling stations which open nationwide at 8 a.m.

More than 209,000 registered voters are expected to cast ballots in the country’s 2026 General Election, which will determine who forms the next government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.

Polling stations across New Providence, Grand Bahama and the Family Islands will remain open until 6 p.m., with all 41 House of Assembly seats being contested in what has become one of the country’s most energetic and closely watched election campaigns in recent years.

The governing Progressive Liberal Party and the opposition Free National Movement are fielding full slates of 41 candidates each, while the Coalition of Independents has emerged as a significant third-force movement with 40 candidates contesting seats nationwide.

Public schools throughout the country are closed Tuesday as many campuses are transformed into polling stations, while ballot boxes have already been dispatched to the Family Islands ahead of voting day.

The Parliamentary Registration Department has meanwhile reminded employers that registered voters are legally entitled to two hours off to vote in addition to their normal lunch break and has also issued guidance aimed at maintaining orderly conduct at polling locations.

The final days of campaigning transformed the country into a sea of rallies, motorcades, town halls and political events stretching from Exuma and Long Island to Abaco, Bimini, Eleuthera, Andros, Inagua and Grand Bahama.

The PLP closed its campaign with the message “Choose Progress,” arguing the Davis administration has strengthened the economy, expanded social support and advanced national development projects.

The FNM campaigned heavily on accountability, affordability and governance reform under the slogan “We Work for You,” while the Coalition of Independents sought to position itself as the country’s disruptive alternative with the declaration: “Change ain’t coming — change is here.”

The campaign season also drew international attention with former NBA player and businessman Rick Fox attracting celebrity endorsements from basketball legend Shaquille O’Neal, actress Vanessa Williams and reggae icon Buju Banton through widely circulated video messages.

Adding further unpredictability to the race are at least 13 independent candidates contesting seats across the country, including former Prime Minister Dr Hubert Minnis in New Providence’s Killarney constituency, former Cabinet Minister Frederick McAlpine in Grand Bahama’s Pineridge constituency and Leroy Major in Southern Shores on New Providence — all seeking to break through the dominance of the country’s traditional party structure.

Meanwhile, election officials faced controversy in the campaign’s final hours after confirming that fewer than 150 voters, around 1 percent of electors had been mistakenly omitted from the register but would still be allowed to vote Tuesday — a decision questioned publicly by FNM Leader Michael Pintard amid broader concerns over voter integrity and election procedures.

Despite the political tensions, election officials say preparations are complete.

By Tuesday night, Bahamians are expected to know whether the PLP secures a second consecutive term, whether the FNM returns to office, or whether independents reshape the country’s political landscape.

Angle by Deandrea Hamilton. Built with ChatGPT (AI). Magnetic Media — CAPTURING LIFE.

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Bahamas News

BAHAMAS RATING UPGRADE: A WIN—BUT NOT A FREE PASS

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The Bahamas, May 4, 2026 – With elections days away, The Bahamas has picked up a headline-friendly win: a credit rating upgrade.

Here’s the one-liner that matters most:

A higher rating can mean cheaper borrowing for the government—over time.

That’s the upside. When lenders see less risk, they demand lower interest. That can ease the cost of financing big projects and managing national debt.

But that’s only part of the story.

Moody’s Ratings has upgraded The Bahamas to Ba3 from B1, citing stronger fiscal discipline, improved liquidity and a more stable funding strategy. It also points to better tax collection, controlled spending and continued strength in tourism as key drivers.

Moody’s expects the government to maintain solid primary surpluses—essentially bringing in more than it spends before debt payments—and projects national debt to decline from 72.5% of GDP to around 68% by 2027.

That’s progress.

But here’s the reality check.

The Bahamas is still below investment grade. In plain terms, the country remains in speculative territory, meaning investors still see a higher level of risk compared to more stable economies.

Debt, while improving, is still elevated. And the economy remains heavily dependent on tourism—a sector that can shift quickly with global conditions, weather events or geopolitical shocks.

Even Moody’s signals that more work is needed. Further upgrades depend on:

  • sustained reductions in debt
  • improved debt affordability
  • and continued access to favourable financing

So while the upgrade reflects real gains, it is not a finish line.

It is a signal that the country is moving in the right direction—but must stay disciplined to keep that momentum.

For voters heading to the polls, the takeaway is simple:

The Bahamas has strengthened its financial position—but the fundamentals still need work.

The progress is real.

The challenge now is to make it last.

Angle by Deandrea Hamilton. Built with ChatGPT (AI). Magnetic Media — CAPTURING LIFE.

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Bahamas News

VOTES SAFE, SAYS PRD AFTER BALLOT BOX FIASCO VIDEO

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The Bahamas, May 4, 2026 – The Parliamentary Registration Department is assuring the public that ballots cast during advance polling remain secure, following a viral video that sparked confusion and concern in eastern Nassau.

The footage, widely circulated on social media, showed a tense scene outside Thelma Gibson Primary School, where party supporters surrounded election officials as a ballot box was escorted to a waiting vehicle under police guard. The confrontation—loud, chaotic and closely watched—left many questioning whether proper procedures were being followed.

In response, the PRD moved to clarify.

In an official statement, the Department said the transport of ballot boxes in the Elizabeth and Yamacraw constituencies was conducted in line with established protocol. It explained that once polling concludes, the Presiding Officer is required to return sealed ballot boxes to the Returning Officer, who—accompanied by a senior police officer—then transports them to the Parliamentary Commissioner.

The PRD said it is satisfied that Returning Officer Sonia Culmer adhered to those procedures and that the ballot boxes remained sealed at all times.

But that account has been challenged.

PLP Elizabeth candidate Jobeth Coleby-Davis has called for an urgent investigation into what she described as alleged irregularities involving ballot handling. She claims that established procedures were breached, including the movement of sealed ballot boxes without the presence of party observers, and is urging authorities to review the matter.

The competing accounts have added to public unease following scenes that saw supporters from multiple political parties crowding officials during the transfer process, demanding clarity on what was taking place.

Individuals clad in PLP shirts, including incumbent Coleby-Davis swarmed the returning officer, police officers and the ballot boxes.  The charge was the woman in the crosshairs of the accusations was connected to the opposition FNM party.

There was nothing to validate this claim and there is no confirmed breach reported by election officials.

Ballots cast during advance polling are expected to remain secured until Election Day, May 12, when they will be merged with ballots in their respective constituencies and counted as part of the official tally.

For now, the PRD is standing firm on the integrity of the process—even as calls for further scrutiny grow louder.

Angle by Deandrea Hamilton. Built with ChatGPT (AI). Magnetic Media — CAPTURING LIFE.

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