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What has been the evolution, impact, and lessons learned from the management of avian influenza in Latin America and the Caribbean?  

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FAO presents a technical report that, for the first time, documents the regional impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Latin America and the Caribbean following its introduction in 2022.

Since 1997, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus strain H5N1 has caused significant outbreaks in domestic and wild birds across Asia, Europe, and Africa, with serious consequences for public health, biodiversity, and local economies.

In October 2022, this strain entered Latin America for the first time, marking a turning point for the region. The rapid spread of the virus and the emergence of new outbreaks in multiple countries revealed an unprecedented scenario, with cases not only in birds but also in marine mammals, domestic animals, and even in humans who had direct contact with infected animals.

Poultry production is a key pillar in Latin America and the Caribbean, both for food security and as a source of livelihood for millions of

small- and medium-scale producers. The expansion of HPAI has posed risks not only to the regional economy but also to the availability of animal-source protein and the biodiversity of ecosystems. Against this backdrop, reinforcing regional cooperation and strengthening technical capacities to prevent and control the virus have become urgent priorities.

The report Emergency and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean: Regional technical report for the period October 2022 to September 2024, published by FAO, documents the health emergency triggered by the emergence and spread of HPAI H5N1 in countries across Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.

Detection and spread of the virus in Latin America and the Caribbean

Low pathogenicity:

The first records of avian influenza virus in South America date back to 2001, when a low pathogenicity strain was detected in wild waterfowl in Bolivia. In Colombia, the virus was first identified in broiler chickens in 2005. Between 2009 and 2012, Peru reported seven different subtypes, five of which had never been recorded elsewhere in Latin America.

In Central America, the first isolations of low pathogenicity virus in domestic poultry were reported in Guatemala and El Salvador in 2000 and 2001. In addition, several virus subtypes were identified in ducks in Guatemala between 2007 and 2013.

High pathogenicity:

One of the first major outbreaks of HPAI in South America occurred in Chile in 2002, caused by the H7N3 virus.

Since October 2022, Brazil, Chile, and Peru have reported the highest number of HPAI H5N1 cases in wild birds and animals in the Southern Cone. Among domestic birds, Argentina and Peru led in the number of outbreaks detected. In contrast, Central American and Caribbean countries reported fewer cases, which were sporadic and short-lived, both in wild and domestic birds.

These continental experiences confirmed the circulation of different virus lineages among wild birds in South America, suggesting a divergent evolution of these viruses in the hemisphere.

How to respond to an avian influenza emergency?

In response to the regional health challenge, in 2023, FAO approved a Technical Cooperation Programme and activated the Special Fund for Emergency and Rehabilitation Activities to support HPAI response efforts in 11 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. In parallel, national projects with similar objectives were implemented in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and El Salvador.

These programmes aimed to enhance countries’ capacity to manage and respond to the emergency by strengthening veterinary services, providing essential supplies, and supporting resource mobilization.

To achieve this, FAO supported actions focused on early detection, sanitary culling of animals, strengthening biosecurity, zonification, and provided technical advice on vaccination as a complementary tool to traditional control measures. Before the emergency, most countries in the region had not implemented vaccination against avian influenza—except for countries like the Dominican Republic and Guatemala. However, in 2023, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Uruguay decided to include vaccination in their outbreak control strategies, complementing it with surveillance and biosecurity measures.

FAO recommends establishing an interdisciplinary group under the One Health approach, bringing together multiple public and private stakeholders to guide vaccination decisions. In addition, it is advised to define risk scenarios and make vaccination decisions during “peace times,” rather than in the midst of an outbreak, when risk perceptions can be altered.

The report highlights the importance of public–private collaboration in addressing the health crisis. In each country, poultry and egg producer associations (members of the Latin American Poultry Association) provided technical and operational support during the emergency. At the same time, specialized academic groups from various universities contributed to training activities, supported the design of sanitary strategies, and participated in applied research.

Lessons learned from the avian influenza crisis

The avian influenza crisis exposed the fact that some countries in the region lacked experience, appropriate protocols, and trained personnel to address a health emergency of this scale. This was reflected in the lack of harmonization or standardization of epidemiological records across the region, resulting in varying country responses, which could hinder future planning of prevention and control strategies.

Moreover, the impact on the general population was evident, as the high mortality of wild birds and mammals along coasts and wetlands caused alarm among residents and tourists, who reported these findings to authorities. In such situations, it is essential to collect samples, identify species, conduct epidemiological characterization, and manage health risks—remembering that sick or dead birds should not be handled, and any sightings must be reported immediately to the official veterinary services.

This health emergency illustrated the complex epidemiology of HPAI, characterized by its significant economic impact and threats to biodiversity and domestic animals. It also highlighted the need for greater preparedness to respond to large-scale and complex health emergencies—especially in critical areas such as the culling of caged laying hens, wildlife management, and control zone administration.

Finally, the report emphasizes the importance of public–private coordination, inter-institutional cooperation, and international collaboration. It recommends designing emergency vaccination plans, defining responsibilities in response to findings in wildlife, establishing protocols for exposed persons, and developing compensation mechanisms—especially for small-scale producers.

These experiences reaffirm the need for strong animal health systems, effective regional cooperation, and sustained strategies under the One Health approach as key pillars for addressing future zoonotic threats.

Read the publication here: https://doi.org/10.4060/cd4707es

 More info:

FAO alert on avian influenza – Risk of upsurge and regional spread through wild birds in Latin America and the Caribbean

Recommendations for the surveillance of influenza A(H5N1) in cattle – With broader application to other farmed mammals

HEADER: Grenada – A government official inspects a chicken during a visit to a beneficiary of FAO’s poultry project. © FAO/Giuseppe Bizzarri

  1. Mexico – Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. A brown pelican flies over the mangroves of this biodiversity refuge on the Yucatán coast. © FAO/Luis Antonio Rojas
  2. Guatemala – Poultry and egg producer supplying public schools that receive state funding for school feeding. © Pep Bonet/NOOR for FAO
  3. Bolivia – Chickens being weighed in the shed at Maleriada farm. © FAO/Sue Price
  4. Nicaragua – A hen and her chicks rest on a rock. © FAO/Saul Palma

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GOLD & SILVER – Hall & Guerrier Fly High for Turks and Caicos at CARIFTA 2026

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Turks and Caicos, April 06, 2026 – Technical excellence early in their jumps became the defining factor for two Turks and Caicos athletes, as David Hall soared to gold in a nail-biting Under-20 high jump final at the 53rd CARIFTA Games in Grenada. Herwens Guerrier added to the country’s success with a 1.90 metre clearance to secure silver in the Under-17 division, finishing in a tightly contested field where all three medalists cleared the same height.

Both events were decided on countback — meaning the medals were determined not just by height cleared, but by which athlete did so with fewer failed attempts, highlighting the importance of precision and composure under pressure.

A wave of national pride followed the results, with congratulatory messages pouring in for the athletes who delivered under pressure on the regional stage. In a statement, Dileeni Daniel-Selvaratnam praised both competitors, saying their “hard work, discipline and determination have made the entire nation proud,” while encouraging the wider team to continue striving as competition unfolded at the Kirani James National Stadium in Grenada.

Team Turks and Caicos finished just outside of the top ten among 28 competing nations, and anticipation is already building for what is expected to be a spirited homecoming for the standout athletes, whose performances have ignited pride across the islands.

The 53rd staging of the CARIFTA Games, held at the Kirani James National Stadium in Grenada, unfolded under warm, at times testing conditions, with intermittent showers and shifting winds challenging athletes across disciplines.

Jamaica once again asserted its dominance, capturing its 40th consecutive CARIFTA title, continuing an unmatched run in regional athletics. Among the standout performers was Shanoya Douglas, whose electrifying run in the Under-20 200 metres earned her the prestigious Austin Sealy Award — the Games’ highest individual honour — after she shattered the long-standing record of Bahamian Shaunae Miller-Uibo, who went on to become an Olympic gold medalist in the 400 metres. Douglas clocked an impressive 22.11 seconds to rewrite the CARIFTA record books.

For Turks and Caicos, however, the spotlight remained firmly on the field, where two high jumpers delivered performances defined by discipline and growth. Hall’s gold medal-winning clearance of 2.00 metres marked a significant step forward in his development, improving on his 1.89 metre silver medal performance at the 2025 Inter-High Championships. Guerrier’s 1.90 metre effort in the Under-17 division similarly places him among the country’s top emerging talents, signalling a strong future for the event locally.

Angle by Deandrea Hamilton. Built with ChatGPT (AI). Magnetic Media — CAPTURING LIFE.

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Bahamas News

Fuel Pain at The Pump: Global Tensions Drive Prices Up as Bahamians Feel the Squeeze

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NASSAU, Bahamas — What should be a simple five-minute drive is fast becoming an expensive, hour-long ordeal, as rising fuel prices collide with worsening traffic congestion across New Providence.

As of early April 2026, gasoline prices across The Bahamas have climbed sharply, with motorists now paying an estimated $5.50 to over $6.50 per gallon, depending on the station and grade. The increases, seen at major retailers including Esso, Rubis and Shell, reflect a volatile global oil market driven by escalating geopolitical tensions.

The latest spike — in some cases jumping more than 50 cents per gallon within days — is being driven by uncertainty surrounding escalating tensions involving Iran. U.S. President Donald Trump has issued a direct ultimatum, warning that the United States could launch aggressive strikes on Iranian infrastructure, including power plants and key facilities, if demands are not met. While he has also expressed hope for a swift resolution, the threat of rapid escalation is already rattling global oil markets — and The Bahamas, heavily dependent on imported fuel, is feeling the impact almost immediately.

At the pumps, the frustration is real.

Drivers are now paying significantly more just to sit in traffic. Commutes that once took minutes are stretching into hour-long crawls, burning fuel with little movement and compounding the financial strain. For many residents, the issue isn’t just the price per gallon — it’s how quickly that gallon disappears.

Industry players are also bracing for impact. Higher diesel prices are expected to ripple across key sectors, including trucking, construction, and shipping — all of which ultimately feed into the cost of goods and services. In short, this is not just a fuel story; it’s an inflation story in the making.

Despite the surge, the Bahamas Petroleum Retailers Association has moved to calm fears, confirming that there is no fuel shortage. Supply remains stable, but consumers are being urged to adjust behavior — from maintaining proper tyre pressure to considering carpooling — small measures that could stretch every dollar a bit further.

Retailers, however, are not offering much comfort on price relief. While fluctuations are expected, insiders say the days of sudden price drops are unlikely in the immediate term. The “shock” increases may level off, but a meaningful decline hinges on global stability — something that currently feels out of reach.

For Bahamians, the reality is tightening: higher fuel costs, longer commutes, and a growing sense that relief isn’t coming anytime soon.

Angle by Deandrea Hamilton. Built with ChatGPT (AI). Magnetic Media — CAPTURING LIFE.

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DECLARATIONS DUE: INTEGRITY COMMISSION CALLS PUBLIC OFFICIALS TO ACCOUNT

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PROVIDENCIALES, Turks and Caicos Islands — It’s that time again — a period of compliance, accountability and transparency for those entrusted with public office and captured under the category of “Specified Persons in Public Life.”

The Integrity Commission is reminding all individuals who fall within this category that they are legally required to file their Declarations of Income, Assets and Liabilities, in accordance with Section 39 of the Integrity Commission Ordinance.

The declaration window is now officially open, running from April 1 to June 30, 2026, and applies to a wide cross-section of senior public officials, statutory board members and others operating within the machinery of government.

This is not a routine administrative exercise. It is a cornerstone of good governance — designed to ensure that those in positions of power are transparent about their financial interests, and to guard against corruption, conflicts of interest and illicit enrichment.

Who Must File

The Commission outlines several categories of individuals required to submit declarations this cycle.

They include:

  • Persons who last filed on or before June 30, 2024
  • Individuals newly appointed to statutory boards or government positions from April 1, 2026 onward
  • Those who have demitted office, resigned or whose contracts have ended — who must file within 90 days of leaving their post
  • Individuals who may not have previously realized they fall under the legal requirement

The net is wide — and intentionally so.

“Specified Persons in Public Life” includes elected officials, senior civil servants, financial officers, law enforcement leadership, members of statutory bodies, and other key decision-makers whose roles carry influence over public resources and policy.

Among them are Members of the House of Assembly, Cabinet Ministers, Permanent Secretaries, Heads of Department, senior police officers, and individuals serving on public boards and commissions.

The Commission notes that the full schedule of designated roles is extensive, and persons are encouraged to consult the official list available through its office or website to confirm whether they are captured under the law.

How to File

Unlike many modern reporting systems, this process remains deliberately controlled.

All declarations must be:

  • Submitted in person
  • Delivered by appointment only
  • Accompanied by supporting documentation

Declarants will be contacted directly with their assigned appointment details, including date, time and location. The Commission has made it clear — submissions through third parties, email or mail will not be accepted.

This approach reinforces the seriousness of the process and ensures the integrity of submissions.

Declaration forms are available via the Commission’s website, and assistance is accessible through its Providenciales office for those needing clarification.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

The warning from the Commission is unambiguous.

Failure to file a declaration without reasonable cause is a criminal offence.

Penalties include:

  • Up to one year imprisonment
  • A fine of up to $15,000
  • Or both

Additionally, the Commission is mandated to publish the names of non-compliant individuals in the official Gazette — a move that carries both legal and reputational consequences.

Confidential but Critical

While the process is strict, the Commission emphasizes that all declarations are confidential documents, handled with discretion.

Still, the purpose is clear: transparency does not always mean public disclosure — but it does mean accountability to an independent oversight body.

In a region where public trust can be fragile, these filings serve as a quiet but powerful mechanism to reinforce confidence in governance.

For Turks and Caicos, this annual exercise is more than paperwork — it is a test of integrity at the highest levels.

And for those required to file, the message is simple: comply, disclose, and do it on time.

For more information or to confirm filing obligations, individuals are encouraged to contact the Integrity Commission directly.

Angle by Deandrea Hamilton. Built with ChatGPT (AI). Magnetic Media — CAPTURING LIFE.

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